The lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae are frequently affected by spinal tuberculosis. Typically, the infection's cause is external to the spine. Most frequently, it spreads through the blood from the lungs. Osteomyelitis and infective arthritis are both present. Usually, many vertebrae are affected. The anterior portion of the vertebral body next to the subchondral plate is the most severely afflicted region. That region may transmit tuberculosis to surrounding intervertebral discs. Because the disc in children has blood vessels, disc illness in adults is secondary to the transmission of infection from the vertebral body. Although it can also damage the hips and knees, the spine is where TB most frequently affects the skeletal system. From two nearby vertebrae, the infection travels into the nearby disc region. The disc is okay if only one vertebra is impacted; however, if two are, the disc between them collapses because it is avascular and cannot get nutrition. Caseation starts, leading to vertebral constriction, finally leading to vertebral collapse and spinal injury. Superinfection is uncommon, and a mass of dry soft tissues frequently occurs.
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